Office Space

Office space, a critically acclaimed film, although it may seem like this was a comically movie, it tells a much deeper story. Peter Giffins goes to work every day and really hates what he does until a hypnotist brakes the cycle of mundane and boring days . This movie sheds like on the stereo type of cubical America, in the 90s. My analysis will focus on emotional competency; the stress brought on to Peter and how he effectively dealt with it, identity management, listening responses, communication climate, and conflict management styles that take place in this movie.Peter has quite the identity management crises over the course of the movie. Identity management (page 445) is the communication strategies people use to influence how others view them. Peter does this by changing his actions from when he is at work and when he is at home. When peter is at work he acts like a happy employee, but when he is at home all he can do is complain about work and think about work. He even at one point in the move told the hypnotist â€Å"Every day is worst then the last†. That doesn’t sound like a man who loves his job.Peter also manages his identity by using nonverbal communications At one point in the movie, office space, peter uses his hands to communicate a strong gesture of hate as he pretends to shoot up his office building. The main actor peter also uses plenty of facile expressions to also help drive his hate in. Nonverbal communications do not even have to be gestures they can be as simple, as his boss, Lumbergh’s not making eye contact when he talks to his employees, or the way he stands when talking to petter.Peter meets a lovely waitress, in the move, Joanna, who is played by Jennifer Anderson. Joanna’s boss communicates with her by using his, language illustrate concerns by using vague terms, abstractions and constructively. He does this by asking her about only having 16 pieces of â€Å"flair†. The minimum requirement for her job, at Chotckeys, as a waitress is 16 but the â€Å"over achiever† waiter has 36 pieces of â€Å"flair†. Her boss beats about the bush and basically states â€Å" Brian has 36 pieces of â€Å"flair†. He could have used more sincere language and just asked her to put more â€Å"flair† on. Peters boss, Lumbergh, shows poor listening responses by not even looking a peter when he is talking to him. Lumbergh also does not even respond correctly to the rebuttals from peter about the cover letters. Peter told his boss at one point in the movie, office space, â€Å"I already have the cover sheet, right here. † Lumbergh responds by saying â€Å"I’ll have a copy sent to you. † Lumbergh’s shows a complete disregard for what peter told him.Our book states(page 237) that mindless listing, occurs when we react to others’ messages automatically and routinely, without much mental investment. Lumbergh’s responses are all mindle ss responses thought out the movie, office space. In the movie office space the communication between managers and employees are disconfirming by the simple fact that no one lesions to any one or knows any one, one example of this is when another employee doesn’t even know the peters friends names when she hands back the mail.

Of Mice and Men Essay

The book Of Mice and Men focuses on the friendship of two migrant workers in California at a time when most of the work was done by people and not by machines. George was a small man who acted worldly and wise. Lennie was a huge man that had the mind of a child. Together George and Lennie would bounce from job to job with no money in their pockets and only the dream of someday owning a place of their own to keep them going. The two men were not able to stay in one place too long because Lennie would get into trouble and George would have to get the two of them out of the bad situation and find a new place to work until the next bad thing would happen. Why would George continue to complicate his life by dragging Lennie around? Why wouldn’t George just set off on his own and make his life a whole lot easier? It was obvious when I read through the book that Lennie could not have survived in the world without somebody like George watching out for him. As the story unfolded I had to ask myself, â€Å"Did George need Lennie as much as Lennie needed George? † Two men traveling together the way George and Lennie did was not very common during this time. Slim said to George on page 39, â€Å"Hardly none of the guys ever travel together. I hardly never seen two guys travel together. You know how hands are, they just come in and get their bunk and work a month, and then they quit and go out alone. Never seem to give a damn about nobody. † Why did George and Lennie travel together then? It is easy to answer that question when looking at it from Lennies point of view. Lennie needed somebody to protect him. Lennie had the mind of a small child and would not have been able to find work, feed himself or stay out of trouble if not for somebody like George. The reason why George traveled with Lennie on the other hand is a little bit more complicated. One reason may have been George made a promise to the person who took care of Lennie before George that he would. Does this mean that George is such a stand up person that he would not go back on his word? Maybe but I don’t think it is the main reason he put up with Lennie and all the trouble that came with him. Another reason George may have kept Lennie around was that Lennie was such a great worker that it made George’s life much easier always working alongside of him. A third reason why George may have continued to travel with Lennie was that George liked the fact that he was in charge of Lennie, similar to how a father was in charge of what his son does. George had so little in his life that maybe having Lennie around to tell what to do all the time made him feel needed or important. Jus’ tell Lennie what to do an’ he’ll do it if it don’t take no figuring. He can’t think of nothing to do himself, but he sure can take orders† George tells Slim on page 39. A fourth reason George kept Lennie around is maybe Lennie made George feel smart. George seemed like the kind of person that liked to feel he was smart. The last reason I can think of and probably the biggest reason was that George needed the company. I don’t think that George could even imagine living how he lived and not having anybody to share anything with, including his ideas and his dreams. Ultimately, I think all of these reasons played some role in why George kept Lenny around but fear of being alone was probably the biggest reason. Something good is gained by both parties in every successful relationship and the relationship that George and Lenny have was no exception. Lenny of course received protection and a person to take care of him. Those are two things he could not have survived without. I think what George gained most from the relationship was becoming a better person. On page 41, George says to Slim, â€Å"I ain’t got no people. I seen guys that go around on the ranches alone. That ain’t no good. They get wantin’ to fight all the time. † George meant he didn’t have any family at all. George was afraid if he lost Lennie, he would never have somebody close to him again, he would be all alone and turn mean. That is what George got most out of the relationship, the friendship he believed made him a better person. I think George proved just how much he cared about Lennie at the end of the story when he shot Lennie in the back of the head by the creek. George made the ultimate sacrifice in killing Lennie and putting himself in the position that he feared the most which is being along. George knew if anybody else found Lennie, especially Curley, they would have made Lennie suffer to pay for killing Curley’s wife. It was interesting what happened earlier with Old Candy and his dog being put to sleep. Old Candy seemed just as upset about not shooting the dog himself as losing the dog. â€Å"I should have done it myself†, Old Candy said near the end of the book. Maybe George learned from that. George believed the right thing was for somebody who cared about Lennie to end his life no matter how much it hurt. Of Mice and Men is a book about relationships with the relationship between two very different people, George and Lennie, at the forefront. Early on it seemed very obvious that Lennie got the most benefit from their friendship. As the story unfolds, it’s not so obvious. In the end, I believe that George benefitted as much or even more than Lennie from their strange friendship. George believed that Lennie made him a better person.

How to Identify a Target Market Essay

In this part of my P2 course work, I have been asked to identify the target market by preparing an information pack about the target market, for my potential investors and also make a good question for my business survey. Market Research Market Research is a systematic, objective collection and analysis of data about a particular target market, competition, and/or environment. It always incorporates some form of data collection whether it is secondary research (often referred to as desk research) or primary research which is collected direct from a respondent. Purpose of Market Research The purpose of any market research project is to achieve an increased understanding of the subject matter. With markets throughout the world becoming increasingly more competitive, market research is now on the agenda of many organisations, whether they are large or small. Market research is also one of the most important pieces to your marketing plan that will determine how you will speak with these customers, where to find them, how to best convert them into your customer and retain them as a customer. There are two types of market research 1. Primary research / Field 2. Secondary research / Desk Primary Research When marketers conduct research to collect original data for their own needs it is called primary research. This process has the marketer or someone working for the marketer designing and then carrying out a research plan. Primary research is also collected in a research â€Å"instrument† designed to record information for later analysis. Marketing researchers use many types of instruments from basic methods that record participant responses to highly advanced electronic measurement where research participants are connected to sophisticated equipment. Primary research also refers to information that is directly collected from the source. Another simple method of primary research would be to directly talk to your customers and get their feedback. Primary research can be both qualitative and quantitative. Method of primary research Questionnaire – Questionnaires are one the main tools in the use of field research. A questionnaire contains a series of questions which gather primary marketing research data for the business. A face-to-face questionnaire might include different questions to an emailed questionnaire. An interviewer will be filling in a face-to-face qu estionnaire and the person may be able to ask for the question to be rephrased if they do not understand it the first time. Online surveys- Increasingly popular and relatively low cost, online surveys are widely used by small businesses as a way of capturing the views of existing and potential customers. Face-to-face surveys – Personal interviews conducted face-to-face is a costly, but good way to get detailed insights from an individual. Secondary Research Secondary research is a data that already exists and has been collected by someone else for another purpose. Secondary research involves the investigation of secondary sources of data. Sources of secondary data can come from within the firm itself – this is known as internal secondary data. External secondary data, on the other hand, is data that has been published by other organisations. Methods of secondary research Secondary Sources include journal articles, books, encyclopaedias, dictionaries, reviews, newspaper articles, specific essays, etc. Most research papers are based on secondary sources as they build on the research or studies others have done. It’s usually published in pamphlets, newsletters, trade publications, magazines, and newspapers. Secondary sources include the following: * Public sources. These are usually free, often offer a lot of good information, and include government departments, business departments of public libraries, and so on. * Commercial sources. These are valuable, but usually involve cost factors such as subscription and association fees. Commercial sources include research and trade associations, such as Dun & Bradstreet and Robert Morris & Associates, banks and other financial institutions, and publicly traded corporations. * Educational institutions. These are frequently overlooked as valuable information sources even though more research is conducted in  colleges, universities, and technical institutes than virtually any sector of the business community. My name is Mba Nduka Amogu. I am a Business studies student at Whitefield. I would like to take a few minutes of your time by completing my questionnaire for my business studies course work about my business survey. 1. Are you male or female? Male Female 2. Which age range are you? Under 20 21-30 31-40 40-above 3. Do you live within this area? Yes No 4. Would you like to visit our fruit shops if provided? Yes No 5. If our new shops were available today, how likely would you be to visit instead of visiting other fruits shops currently available from other companies? Very Likely Moderately Likely Slightly Likely Not at all likely 6. If you are not likely to visit our shop why not? Do not like our services Satisfied with other competing fruits shops currently available Cannot pay for our services and products Not willing to pay or shop with us 7. How important is it convenient to you, when choosing our products? Extremely important Very important Moderately important Slightly important Not at all important 8. Overall are you satisfied with your experience, shopping with us? Extremely satisfied Moderately satisfied Slightly satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Slightly dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Extremely dissatisfied 9. If our new products were available today, how likely would you be to recommend it to other? Extremely Likely Very Likely Moderately Likely Slightly Likely Not at all likely 10. If our new service were available today, how likely would you be to use it instead of competing service currently available from other companies? Extremely Likely Very Likely Moderately Likely Slightly Likely Not at all likely 11. If you are not likely to use our new service, why not? Do not need a service like this Do not want a service like this Satisfied with competing service currently available Cannot pay for a service like this Not willing to pay for a service like this 12. How important is it convenient for you, when choosing a service this type of service? Extremely important Very important Moderately important Slightly important Not at all important 13. Overall are you satisfied with your experience using our new service? Moderately satisfied Slightly satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Slightly dissatisfied Moderately dissatisfied Extremely dissatisfied 14. If our new service were available today, how likely would you be to recommend it to others? Extremely likely Very likely Moderately likely Slightly likely Not at all likely 15. How often will you visit my shop if available, having different variety of fresh fruits and vegetables for sell? Daily Weekly Monthly Quarterly In My questionnaire I interviewed a total of 20 people. Below displays the results of each question individually. 1. Are you male or female? * Male8 * Female12 2. Which age range are you? * Under 2010 * 21-305 * 31-403 * 40-above2 3. Do you live within this area? * Yes16 * No4 4. Would you like to visit my fruit shops if provided? * Yes12 * No8 5. If my new shop were available today, how likely would you be to visit instead of visiting other fruits shops currently available from other companies? * Very Likely6 * Moderately Likely5 * Slightly Likely4 * Not at all likely5 6. If you are not likely to visit my shop why not? * Do not like my services7 * Satisfied with other fruits shops currently available3 * Cannot pay for my services and products5 * Not willing to pay or shop with us6 7. How important is it convenient to you, when choosing my products? * Extremely important7 * Very important4 * Moderately important5 * Slightly important3 * Not at all important1 8. Overall are you satisfied with your experience, shopping with me? * Extremely satisfied9 * Moderately satisfied4 * Slightly satisfied3 * Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied0 * Slightly dissatisfied3 * Moderately dissatisfied1 * Extremely dissatisfied0 9. If my new products were available today, how likely would you be to recommend it to other? * Extremely Likely4 * Very Likely6 * Moderately Likely3 * Slightly Likely4 * Not at all likely4 10. If my new service were available today, how likely would you be to use it instead of competing service currently available from other companies? * Extremely Likely5 * Very Likely3 * Moderately Likely2 * Slightly Likely 7 * Not at all likely3 11. If you are not likely to use my new service, why not? * Do not need a service like this10 * Do not want a service like this 1 * Satisfied with competing service currently available 0 * Cannot pay for a service like this 2 * Not willing to pay for a service like this7 12. How important is it convenient for you, when choosing a service this type of service? * Extremely important13 * Very important3 * Moderately important2 * Slightly important1 * Not at all important1 13. Overall are you satisfied with your experience using my new service? * Moderately satisfied15 * Slightly satisfied0 * Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied1 * Slightly dissatisfied2 * Moderately dissatisfied1 * Extremely dissatisfied1 14. If my new service were available today, how likely would you be to recommend it to others? * Extremely likely10 * Very likely3 * Moderately likely2 * Slightly likely2 * Not at all likely3 15. How often will you visit my shop if available, having different variety of fresh fruits and vegetables for sell? * Daily15 * Weekly1 * Monthly2 * Quarterly3 1. The Gender of the people interviewed for my business surveys This pie chart shows the gender of people I interviewed for my business survey, which shows that 40 percent of them are male and 60 percent of them are female. 2. The age range for the people I interviewed for my business survey. This pie chart shows the age range for the people I interviewed for my business survey, which shows that 50 percent of the people I interviewed are under 20, 10 percent of them are 40 above, 15 percent of them are between 31 – 40 and 25 percent of them are between 21-30. 3. This is people that live and doesn’t live in that area but were interviewed by me for my business survey. This pie chart shows the people that live and doesn’t live in that area but they were still interviewed by me because of my business survey, which shows that 20 percent of the people I interviewed don’t live in this area and 60 percent of them live in this area. 4. Would you like to visit my fruits shops if provided? This pie chart show the amount of people who are willing to make a visit to my shops when they are provided and also people who are not willing to make a visit to my shop, which shows that 40 percent of the people I interviewed are not willing to visit my shop and 60 percent of them are willing to visit my shop. 5. If my new shop were available today, how likely would you be to visit instead of visiting other fruits shops currently available from other companies? This pie chart shows the range of people who are willing to make themselves regular customers to my shop and also visit my shop regularly, which shows that 30 percent of the people I interviewed are very likely to visit my shop, 25 percent of them are moderately likely, 20 percent of them are slightly likely and 25 percent of them are not likely at all to visit my shop. 6. If you are not likely to visit my shop why not? This pie chart shows the reasons about people who are not likely to visit my shop and why they are not likely to visit my shop, which shows that 33 percent of the people I interviewed do not like our service, 14 percent of them are just satisfied with other fruits shops currently available, 24 percent of them cannot pay for our service and products and 29 percent are not willing to pay or shop with us. 7. How important is it convenient to you, when choosing my products This pie chart show how important it is convenient for people when choosing my product, which shows that 35 percent of the people I interviewed said that my product are extremely important to them, 20 percent said it is very important to them, 25 percent said it is moderately important to them, 15 percent said it is slightly important to them and 5 percent said it is not important to them at all. 8. Overall are you satisfied with your  experience, shopping with me? This pie chart shows the overall rate of people who satisfied or dissatisfied with shopping with me, which shows that 45 percent of the people I interviewed are Extremely satisfied with shopping us, 20 percent of them are moderately satisfied, 20 percent are of them are moderately satisfied, 15 percent of them are slightly satisfied 0 percent of them are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 15percent of them are slightly dissatisfied, 5 percent of them are moderately dissatisfied and 0 percent are extremely dissatisfied. 9. If my new product were available today, how likely would you be to recommend it to others? This pie chart shows the people who are likely to recommend my product to others if it was available, which shows that 19 percent of the people I interviewed are extremely likely to recommend my products to others, 29 percent of them are very likely, 14 percent of them are moderately likely, 19 percent of them are slightly likely and 19 percent of them are not likely at all to recommend my product to others. 10. If my new service were available today, how likely would you be to use it instead of competing service currently available from other companies? This pie chart shows the people who are happy and likely to use my services, which shows that 25 percent of the people I interviewed are extremely likely to use my services instead of competing services from other companies, 15 percent of them are very likely to use my service, 10 percent of them are moderately likely to use my service, 35 percent of them are slightly likely to use my service and 15 percent of them are not likely at all to service my service provided. 11. If you are not likely to use my new service, why not? This pie chart shows people, who are not likely to use my service and why  they are not likely to use it. It shows that 50 percent of the people I interviewed do not need a service like this, 5 percent of them don’t want a service like this, 0 percent of them are satisfied with competing service currently available, 10 percent of them cannot pay for a service like this and 35 percent of them are not willing to pay for a service like this. 12. How important is it convenient for you, when choosing a service this type of service? This pie chart shows how important it is convenient for people when choosing this type of service, which shows that 65 percent of the people I interviewed, said that my service is extremely important to them, 15 percent of them said it very important, 10 percent of the said it is moderately important, 5 percent of them said it is slightly important, and 5 percent of them said that my service is not important to them at all. 13. Overall are you satisfied with your experience using my new service? This pie chart shows the overall rate of people who are satisfied or dissatisfied with my service, which shows that 75 percent of the people I interviewed are moderately satisfied with my service, 0 percent of them are slightly satisfied, 5 percent of them are slightly satisfied nor dissatisfied, 10 percent of them are slightly dissatisfied, 5 percent of them are moderately dissatisfied, and 5 percent of them are extremely dissatisfied with my service. 14. If my new service were available today, how likely would you be to recommend it to others? This pie chart shows the people who are likely to recommend my new service to others if it was available, which shows that 50 percent of the people I interviewed are extremely likely to recommend my new service to others, 15 percent of them are very likely, 10 percent of them are moderately likely, 10 percent of them are slightly likely, and15 percent of them are not likely at all to recommend my new service to others if available. 15. How often will you visit my shop if available, having different variety of fresh fruits and vegetables for sell? This pie chart shows the total amount of people who are willing to visit my shop daily, weekly, monthly, or quarterly, which shows that 71 percent of the people I interviewed are happy to visit my shop daily, 5 percent of them are happy to visit my shop weekly, 10 percent of them are happy to visit my shop monthly and 14 percent of them are happy to visit my shop quarterly. My Target Market My Market target is for the children, Tourist and adults to be aware of the current advice of five portions of eating different fruits and vegetables a day. Because fewer of us know that five portion should come from a variety of sources every day, so that they gain the maximum benefit from fruit, eat it fresh and if the skins are edible, eat them too and also help people balance their vegetable intake between the orange/red and green varieties. Conclusion In this part of my P2 Coursework, I have identified my target market by doing a market research for my business and preparing a questionnaire for my business survey to get people reactions towards my business.

Possible Impacts of Marketing Innovation on the Organizational Culture Dissertation

Possible Impacts of Marketing Innovation on the Organizational Culture of a market leader, and Managerial Attitudes Towards its - Dissertation Example This two-way communication takes place over online social media (OSM), like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube (Shu & Chuang, 2011). In the last decade the marketing communication has adapted to this new possibilities and the international percentage of interactive marketing with the customer has tripled (Kottler, Wong, Saunders, & Armstrong, 2005). Marketing and innovation in marketing depend largely upon the leadership from the top management within an organization. The right organizational culture and the focus on marketing are crucial for companies in a competitive industry (Bridgewater & Doyle, 1998). A company?s organizational culture (OC) consists of its constitution, strategies, and corporate value. It also includes the common experiences and standards that characterize an organization (Buelens, Van den Broeck, Vanderheyden, Kreintner, & Kinicki, 2006). Many distinct definitions for OC exist, it is important to be aware of the differences (Driskill & Brenton, 2011). There are two major schools about OC, which differ mainly in the aspect by whom it can or cannot be influenced or manipulated. The â€Å"German approach† towards OC sees the origins of OC in the interaction of employees and therefore not changeable through decisions of top management. The â€Å"American approach† defines OC as something that belongs to the company and can be influenced at discretion by top management (Dixon & Dougherty, 2010). It will be the â€Å"German approach† that will be explored in this study. A positive OC supports performance and efficiency of a company and can lead to superior market positions; furthermore it is seen as giving benefit to the brand (Aaker & Joachimsthaler, 2000). OC is an important factor for most market leaders. Commonly they do not reach the top of the market or distinguish themselves through external factors that lead to advantage. Often times it is strong internal commitment and a functioning integration of employees, that leads to success. Market leaders strongly value a positive internal environment of the organization, especially in very competitive markets (Simon, 2009)(Spear, 2009). Within the international food industry the Internet has become popular over the last years to market products. Most major food brands are using the possibility to communicate with their customers and integrate them into their marketing (Grunert & Ramus, 2005)(Ballantine, 2005). Looking at Germany?s food industry, the meat product sector is a major segment for the economy, with an annual turnover of about 16 billion Euros (German-meat, 2010). The current market leader of this industry is Rugenwalder Muhle GmbH (RwM), with the largest market share and the highest revenue since a significant time span. Being the market leader innovation is extremely important to RwM. Within the German meat industry RmW is the only organization that currently uses OSM as a great part of their marketing mix. The connection that OC and innovation have within a company is found to be substantial; OC is

Pricing Techniques Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pricing Techniques - Assignment Example Elasticity of demand for a service or good is lowest when demand is highest (at peak) and the contrary is true. Price, therefore, depends on demand elasticity. An example of peak load pricing is the case of electricity. During peak, there are uses of power stations that exhibit the lowest cost of operations. Coal-fired stations exhibit low cost of operations and, therefore, most preferable during off-peak demand. Gas and oil-fired stations that have high operations costs are used during peak demand. The marginal cost of electricity production using gas and oil-fired is higher than using coal-fired stations. Peak load pricing principles are developed for the profit-maximizing firm, which is the subject to one or three methods of regulatory constraints (Knieps, 2015). Peak load pricing techniques has a substantial effect on the distribution of price reductions between the peak and off-peak users. Under regulation limiting rate of return on capital investment the price reduction are received mostly by peak-period users. In contrast, when regulation limits profit per unit or returns on cost, there are price reductions for all

THE STRuggle for the american curriculum Assignment

THE STRuggle for the american curriculum - Assignment Example This paper intends to provide a vivid description about the Kliebard’s four interest groups and insight about the organization, which are sorted out by the four groups. Furthermore, the study also reflects about the socio-political and the economic factors, which greatly influence the organization being sorted. Correspondingly the paper further compares and contrasts about Dewey’s notions about the organization of the curriculum. Kliebard Four Interest group of American Curriculum Theory American curriculum theory signifies a hypothetical correlation keen to inspecting and affecting educational programs. Each of the interest groups embodies strength for an altered selection of knowledge and values adapted from the culture and different curriculum. Kliebard basically identifies four interest groups in the struggle to control or modify the subject organization of the American curriculum. The name of the interest groups are humanist (mental disciplinarians), social efficie ncy, child study (develop mentalist), and social meliorates (Kliebard, 2004). Concerning the historical data in the year 1890s, the theory related to mental discipline or humanist believed in the abilities of the students to develop psychological reasoning. Furthermore, it has also been observed that in this particular group the education system was not planned for social improvements in itself but for the systematic progress of mental power. The humanists viewed schools as instruments for taking the traditional values, susceptibilities, and cultural acmes that has been associated with the Western civilization. Although it formerly justified this large- skills curriculum the best process to train mental facilities. In this era humanists have maintained old-style subjects on the basis of their intrinsic value as carriers of cultural tradition. The second group based its knowledge on the evolving study of child development, which controlled them to reject faculty psychology and provid ed an insight that effective training must be provided to children with diversified learning capabilities and competencies at different levels of growth stages. This group requires a child-centered program that would plan not only to match the skills of children at each stage but also to excite their interest and motivate them towards the curriculum. Another group reflects Social meliorism which believes that study is a tool to change society for betterment. This tool is based on the power of individual’s intellectuality and the skills to improve through education. The future of the people is not fixed by gender, heredity, socio-economic status or any other issues (Kliebard, 2004). â€Å"Social efficiency educators† were directing to design a curriculum that would improve the social value of each individual in the society. This theory believes that society could be organized by the effective application of the American’s curriculum. Students should know their ro le within the societal context. This theory introduces high and vocational schools for the students and also introduces learning activities, which will assist in overall societal development. The effective curriculum for the society will inculcate smaller strategies for establishing advance learning concept for the society to grow (Kliebard, 2004).

Cities and Economic Development Annotated Bibliography - 5

Cities and Economic Development - Annotated Bibliography Example The book A Brief History of the Western World covers some of the most important aspects of Western history, covering each era in some detail. Although the earlier sections do focus on prehistory and the times of the Roman Empire, the latter sections of the book do contain information about the â€Å"Rise of the West† and the influences that other cultures have had on Western history, philosophy and politics. Some of the most interesting sections explore the rise of Christianity, which had several influences beyond the West and still has a hold on Western ideals today. Additionally, much of the information on medieval culture provides information about how important Eastern philosophies (particularly those in the Middle East and from Iberia) were important in defining the new political era. Overall, the book shows that the West held growing importance in world history during this time, despite heavy influences from other cultures. Huntington, Samuel P. â€Å"The Clash of Civil izations?† Foreign affairs (1993): 22–49. Print. This paper was published in an attempt to use world history to outline the differences between civilizations all over the world. This paper is interesting because it shows the differences between the West and other cultures by showing how they evolved over time. It gives insight into the elements that the West â€Å"borrowed† from other cultures by integrating it into their own, including parts of philosophy, language, and culture. Although the paper is short, it does give a lot of insight into the topic of world history. It is useful for my research because it supports the hypothesis that the West has developed into being a strong global entity with a multitude of civilizations. It also supports the hypothesis that there are many different cultural elements in the West that have been developed through interactions with other cultures. Levi, Giovanni, and Schmitt, Jean Claude. A History of Young People in the West: Ancient and Medieval Rites of Passage. Harvard University Press, 1997. Print. This book focuses on how young people have been perceived throughout Western history and the rites of passage that they have gone through. This book is very specific to young people and youth, particularly focusing on how these people have been perceived and treated throughout history. Despite this specificity, this book underlines some of the major transformations the West has been through during the Middle Ages. It provides a useful point of comparison between historical youth and modern youth, and conclusions can be drawn about the evolution of this group of people from the book. Additionally, it is interesting to see how one group of people have affected and been affected by history.

Field Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Field - Assignment Example His last attempt to close the deal was to tell me that if I signed their contract today, I could be in a new apartment tomorrow. I thanked him and said goodbye. The next salesperson I talked to was another on-site salesperson named Mark. This was at a retail clothing store with a lot of different departments. Compared to Dan, Mark seemed rushed and nervous. I asked him about finding some good chino pants, and he looked and saw that I was already carrying a jacket, and then told me, to my surprise, that I would have to leave the sports jacket with him, and then go upstairs to look at chinos. I told Mark that I was going to take my jacket with me, because I was going to buy it, and that I wanted to do this while looking at chinos. He appeared flustered at this. As he was getting more flustered, I told him that I could leave the sports jacket with him, but that I probably wouldn’t buy it. He seemed OK with this. Then, another salesperson stepped in, and told me where I could take the elevator to the chinos section. I said to Mark, â€Å"That’s all you needed to tell me, right there.† These were two very different experiences. Mark was not effective, and Dan was. Dan was not pushy, and Mark was. Dan did not act nervous or flustered. He was more interested in what I could do, and getting me to say â€Å"yes.† Mark was more interested in what I couldn’t do, and kept saying â€Å"no† to me. I responded very differently to these two salespeople. When I am in contact with a salesperson, I am looking for someone who is relaxed, calm, confident, and

Microsoft Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Microsoft Corporation - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Microsoft Corporation has been ranked as one of the top companies in terms of its manufacture of electronics and the top company, which develops software. Microsoft offers software developers a lot of personal free will over the working environment where the individuals get to order their personal materials and modify their offices as they desire. Microsoft Corporation is responsible for its commitments, its shareholders and human resources. It also holds great enthusiasm for its clients, the associates that work with them and inventions of the latest technology. The company is open and respectful with other companies, and it is dedicated to making them better. It does share its information that is needful to improve the society rather than only make a profit for its benefit. It takes on challenges and drives them to the end to improve the lives of people by coming up with good, usable products. The main headquarters of Microsoft Corpora tion is located in Redmond, Washington in the United States. It also operates in different other countries, which can be more than 100 in number according to the recent case study conducted by the company itself. The region that attracts me is Chaoyang Beijing China. This company deals with information and technology. It mostly concentrates on the development of different software for desktop and servers and manufacturing of electronic devices. They hold the majority of consumers in the world in terms of their good products and services from their qualified personnel. They are coming up with new models and systems that give them an edge over other IT companies. Furthermore, they are improving their versions of the products that they had manufactures previously to meet the current emerging demands of the consumers.

Story begun Essay Example for Free

Story begun Essay He was a basic middle class male who was raised to respect women and never hit them. His name was John, an author of 2 best selling books and had started his own publishing house in short he got it all to be a best husband and father. He is my friend. His story begun when his wife wanted to have a sperm donor in order to get pregnant, even though their doctors agreed that both of them are physically fine and there’s no reason for his wife not to get pregnant and it was just 4 months since they are trying but it seems that his wife was on rush for everything. On a Saturday evening of 1994, his wife Maria slapped him so hard when disagree with her idea of having a sperm donor, he had confronted her not to do that again but instead she just verbally abused him by saying harsh things such as â€Å"Coward dog! † These things hurt him physically and emotionally. It hasn’t end there his wife’s friend left a note that his wife would just use him to have a baby and later on dumped him for divorce. Worst comes to worst when his wife was also hurt his mother physically which had resulted to a bone fracture in knees and hands. Look more:  the story of an hour literary analysis essay All of these incidents were reported to 911 but ironically who would believe in our society that a man could be called a battered husband? The police even threatened him that he will be arrested for trespassing (imagine in his own house, which he bought by his own money), if he will go back inside the house. Instead of arguing with the police and wait for the medical assistance for his mom, he just drove away and went to the nearest hospital and let the doctor examined his mother. As of today, John got his divorce and never saw his wife again, but the sad part of this is he got no justice at all. Imagine if the situation was reversed: the husband slapped his healthy wife for not having a child after 4 months of trying, shrugged off a written letter found by his wife where the husband agreed with his buddy about dumping his wife after tricking her to get pregnant, beat his wifes mother badly enough to required x-rays. Do you really believe the police and the courts would have treated that case in the same way? Nowadays we have so many crisis centers for abused and molested women and children. This centers helped them to get out and win the battle that they are facing but how about our counterparts? I mean those MEN in our communities, especially my friend, yes they can be also victims of violence, and they also need the same kind of attention and protection. Our society and government should take these laws in general and not by gender as what was John had experienced, people should not be biased about this matter just because the victim is a man.

Wireless Sensor Networks for Disaster Management

Wireless Sensor Networks for Disaster Management Abstract The world we are living is an event for disasters daily. Some of the disasters are naturally occurring and some occurring due to man-made catastrophes. So not only nature but also human beings are equally responsible for the happenings of these disasters. With the developments in the technologies it is very much possible to find a way to tackle these disasters. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) can be used in the developments of disaster management. Hence there is a need for development of a system for the disaster control and management. Also, keeping in mind about developing a structure which is efficient in terms of functioning and the costing. With this paper, we attempt to present some literature study and methodology used by other authors and find the pros and cons in their study. Also, we try to formulate an analysis of the proposed studies. Keywords- Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Disaster management. Introduction With the advancements in the WSNs it is possible now to detect and monitor various parameters in our surroundings. The sensors in a networks help us to monitor and keep track on the various paramenters. These parameters include temperature for fire detection, flow mesurement for detection of floods, Global Positioning System (GPS) for location trackink to name a few. With the monitoring of these parameters we can detect any disaster and with the network implementation we can be able broadcast the information. The broadcasting of information would help to reach many people and will alert the people, so that they can move to a safer place. In this paper we will be discussing about the iplementation done in the field of disaster management and would be focussing on the various aspects of the WSNs. The architecture details, componets used, networks used are some of the things to be discussed. Other than WSN, the use of Ad-hoc relay station, mobile communication, base station functions, c ell and cluster functions are also being discussed. The implementation of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in a system has been done by many researchers over the years and there are various techniques of implementing them. Development and updating of technologies has made this even more possible. A.S Bhosle et al.[1]ÂÂ   presented classification of various sensors depending upon its function and about the different types of WSN protocols. The network consists of wireless sensor nodes, sink nodes, base stations, a gateway for information transferring, a backbone network and an observer at the output side. The WSN protocols are responsible for the communication between a sensor and the network devices in a network. The sensors can be classified based on their physical properties. These include the flow, positioning, temperature, pressure, acceleration etc. D.V Kishore et al. [2] discussed about the problems of disasters occurring at a mine or excavation location. The main concern in the article was about the blasts occurring in the mi nes and the consequences of that being an increase amount of air pollution, noise pollution and an increase in the chances of accidents in the mine area. They provided a hardware architecture using the traditional electronic components and with the help of that demonstrated the ways of tackling a mishap. S.Saha et al. [3]ÂÂ   proposed an architecture which was based on mobile communication network. The use of mobile communication concepts like cluster, cell, base station and frequency usage was discussed within the architecture. S. Rasaneh et al. [4] proposed an energy resourceful model and implementing the model with an additional communication network would make it more efficient. The model implementation included a hybrid network and a multi hop routing technique for the efficient energy usage. Also, the model implementation included deployment of sensors in various types of environments and depending upon that the sensing operations can be performed. With the use of multi-h op there will be less chances of signal loss or distortions. Thus, in this way the model can become more efficient. S.M. George et al. [5] proposed a Distress network for disaster management and the system architecture consists of 3 components; a Body Net, Sense Net, Vehicle Net Area Net. Body Net is a body worn WSN device which is used to keep a continuous track on the various aspects of a person like heartbeat, blood pressure, location etc. Sense Net is used for sensing the data and is mainly used keeping track of the monitored data. Vehicle Net is responsible for the detection of any disaster is also responsible for the transmission of information. Area Net is used for carrying large volumes of data and as it supports large bandwidth so that helps in sending images, videos and audio data. Kaur, Harminder et al. [6] proposed an architecture consisting of a cluster, an Ad-hoc network, base station, antenna and a satellite. Using these components an efficient disaster can be create d. The architecture works on the principle of multi hopping. After the literature analysis of various articles, we now focus on the methods used in the implementation part of the article. A.S Bhosleet al. [1] in his proposed model demonstrated a disaster about when fire breaks out. Consider in a network, there is a fire exposed area there are more than one sensors to sense the fire, these sensors can for example: thermistor, RTD, thermocouple etc. The wireless sensor node detects the fire and searches for the nearest sink node, then the sink node verifies the collected data with its predefined threshold value. If the threshold value is less than the received data, then a warning signal is send to the end user via base station and the backbone network. If the threshold is greater than received data, then an emergency message is send to the end user via base station and backbone network. D.V Kishore et al. [2] proposed a hardware architecture which had a transmitter and a receiver section. The sensors collected the sensed data as per their prop erty, the various sensors deployed were gas sensor, light sensor, temperature sensor and vibration sensors. The sensed value is converted to digital form by the analogue to digital converter and then is given to the multiplexer, the multiplexer then encodes all the sensed values and sends them to the transmitter and then the transmitter antenna transmits these values to the receiver section. The receiver antenna receives the transmitted values and these values are send to the de-multiplexer. The de-multiplexer then decodes the values and sends them to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then sends the decoded values to the output devices and we can see the output. S.Saha et al. [3] in proposed a heterogenous hybrid model of a network and sensors. The focus was providing a better network coverage and to limit the usage of Ad-hoc relay station (ARS). This was achieved by simply placing the ARS at the edges of the cell and with that the ARS was shared by multiple cells. Sensors no des were placed in a cell to sense various parameters like temperature, vibrations, location, light intensity etc. In a disaster situation, the sensor nodes help in detection of the survivors. After detection, the information is passed to the mobile communication network and the ARS and the base station are responsible for the effective communication between the network.ÂÂ   S. Rasaneh et al. [4] proposed a structure using a simple cluster model of a communication network consisting of sensor nodes, head nodes, second level head nodes and base station. The sensor nodes are used to sense different functions accordingly; these are seismic vibrations for earthquake, temperature for fire, flow measurement for floods, weather sensors for humidity etc. In a disaster situation, the sensor nodes in a cluster firstly sense the various parameters as per their individual sensor properties and then send the collected data to the second level cluster head and then a cluster head receives al l the data from other second level cluster heads from every cluster. Then, the base station receives all the data from the cluster heads. The data is send from a second level cluster to the cluster head to have an efficient data flow without any signal losses. This structure uses the multi-hop technique so that data can transmission can be done efficiently. Kaur, Harminer et al. [6] proposed an architecture involving usage of a mobile network, radio and satellite communication. During any disaster, the sink nodes collects data from the local sensors and ARS. The data is then collected by the base station with the help of the sink nodes in the network. The base station sends the data to the antenna and the antenna broadcasts the signals to the satellite. The satellite then sends the warning about the disaster to the local hospitals and the ambulance. There are various gaps in the above discussed articles. We cannot be relying on an architecture that is a hardware based as within any kind of disaster it cannot be accurate and depending upon the intensity and how powerful the disaster is the hardware with not withstand and would surely be damaged. Also about the deployment of ARS in the edges of cell, then the signal handling capacity of the ARS gets affected and this produces latency in the network. This affects the performance of the architecture. In the fire disaster system, the distance between the cluster and the operating network is very large and if there is any latency introduced in the network, then it would be very late for the signaling about the disaster. With the developments in the field of Wireless Sensor networks we can surely be opting on trying and formulating new ways to find solution to these problems. Also with the ongoing problems in terms of disasters there is a need to do to. After the study, there are still many developments that can be done in many aspects of the architecture, technology used and the components used. The focus must be on trying new developments and if possible go to find the solutions of the current problems related with the disaster management. WSN can help in predetermining of the any disaster and we can then alert everybody about it. References [1]A. S. Bhosle and L. M. Gavhane, Forest disaster management with wireless sensor network, in 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), 2016, pp. 287-289. [2]D. V. Kishore, D. V. Gowda, Shivashankar, and S. Mehta, MANET topology for disaster management using wireless sensor network, in 2016 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), 2016, pp. 0736-0740. [3]S. Saha and M. Matsumoto, A Wireless Sensor Network Protocol for Disaster Management, in 2007 Information, Decision and Control, 2007, pp. 209-213. [4]S. Rasaneh and T. Banirostam, A New Structure and Routing Algorithm for Optimizing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Network for Disaster Management, in 2013 4th International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation, 2013, pp. 481-485. [5]S. M. George, W. Zhou, H. Chenji, M. Won, Y. O. Lee, A. Pazarloglou, et al., DistressNet: a wireless ad hoc and sensor network architecture for situation management in disaster response, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 48, pp. 128-136, 2010. [6]H. Kaur, R. S. Sawhney, and N. Komal, Wireless sensor networks for disaster management, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering Technology, vol. 1, pp. 129-134, 2012.

E-Commerce in India

E-Commerce in India Marketing environment in India is changing. The trend of marketing by the consumers has changed drastically from past 10 years till date. The local environment has changed in both infrastructural ,social,economic terms in india. This paper shows the increase of the e-commerce market and internet marketing in india. Our findings show that the trend of internet marketing is on the rise among the various section of people of different age groups. This paper also refers to the various causes of the emergence of these markets along with the steps that can be used to enhance its development in Indian market. E-commerce is emerging as a new market which can help in the economic growth. This paper also shows the types on material available on the internet and how it is used as an medium for marketing. INTRODUCTION E commerce or electronic commerce is defined as the sale and purchase of goods and services through internet as the medium through the different sites on the internet. Electronic commerce refers to expansion of the buisness market and maintaining the relationship with the customers by using telecommunication networks . E commerce has led to a shift in the buisness environment in the world including india.india ia still a developing nation. The growth and development of e commerce will be vital for the growth and develpment of nation. In india the users of computers and internet have increased drastically from 1995 to 2013. Now the entire buisness scenario has changed as everything has become online now. Most of the buisness activities are related to internet e.g. internet commerce,virtual commerce,cyber commerce. All these have been possible due to the use of internet. As we say that the world is a global village has been possible due to advancement in the communication services Internet growth has been regarded as the main cause of the new developments, such as decreased margins for companies as consumers turn more and more to the internet to buy goods and demand the best prices. E-commerce provides various benefits to the consumers as goods are available at lower cost, variety of choices are available and the tie of buyer is also saved. People can buy goods and services at a mere click of the mouse button without moving out of their houses or offices. Similarly online services such as banking, ticketing (including airlines, bus, railways), bill payments, hotel booking etc. have been proved a boon for the customers. Online businesses like financial services, travel, entertainment, and groceries are all on the verge of expansion. In the e commerce process the customer browses through internet to get the information about the desired product/services.when the customer is completely satisfied by products features,its advantages after comparing it with other products then the order is placed for the desired product/services. Online transaction is done and then the selling company informs the customer about the payment and the delivery date is given. Some of the features of e commerce process are: E commerce enables the companies to expand them globally. Everything can be sold on internet even if the product is for smaller markets. It is time saving, delivery is done at a faster rate,reduces the cost of transportation. There is no time constraint. Consumer can easily compare pice and product effectively and efficiently. Consumer interaction with the company directly is also improved by quick feedback and comment forms. E commerce refers to better and quick customer services. Due to the absence of intermediaries, buying procedure is generally quicker. E commerce is also boosted by electronic fund transfer throughout the world. Because of all these features the e commerce industry in india has flourished at a high rate, INTERNET USERS IN INDIA During the past decade the no. of internet users has increased at a explosive rate. According to times of india, India had about 121 million internet users by December 2011,. Out of 121 million, 97 million are expected to be active Internet users, who access Internet at least once in a month. a study by internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) and IMRB said A 100 million internet users is considered a critical landmark for the country. With this internet use in India is expected to enter a critical period of growth with the possibility of becoming the largest internet using country in the world in this decade, . The economic times also stated that according to the Internet World Stats, India has achieved a 10.2% internet penetration at about 12.1 crore users as of December 2011. E:SSS.jpg E:internet-usage-statistics-india-500-809.jpg According to the data given in this chart, the internet users in india is increasing year by year and in 2012 the number of internet users were 150 million. These show that the use of internet in on a high among Indian masses.India has 13% of internet users in Asia and 7.36% that of the world. 70% of people who know computer have used internet which is a healthy sign. According to the surveys of india in 2011, the following facts were the main findings : According Census 2011 of India there are 15.54 Million households (6.3% of total population) in India who have computer/laptops in their homes.ÂÂ   However Only 7.6 Million householdsÂÂ   (3.1% of total population)ÂÂ  have laptops/ computers with internet. Maharashtra is the biggest Indian Internet market with 18% of Total Internet households followed by Tamil Nadu with 10%,ÂÂ  KarnatakaÂÂ  8.27% , U.P (Noida inclusive) 8.18%, Delhi 7.68% and Andhra Pradesh with 7.15%. Delhi/NCR inclusive of Noida and Gurgaon would however have much higher numbers. SHIFT IN THE MARKETING PROCESS IN INDIA In the ancient times the buying and selling of things was done by barter system. Barter is a system in which exchange goods and services are directly exchanged for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money. now in this generation the marketing with the help of internet is on the rise.Most people can use the Web since it is affordable and easy to access. Internet is a fast and flexible means for marketing. Shopping on the Internet is convenient as there is no time restriction, it is comfortable since it is in a user friendly environment and there is also an instant satisfaction of ordering, paying and delivering. A one-to-one basis, as well as, a two way communication with customers through the Internet is possible. Enhancing brand image, creating awareness and providing customer service are more important than just selling the products or entertaining customers. With better technologies, companies can create a stronger brand image and thus increase sales. On the other side, it is easier for customers to receive a kind of acknowledgement; feeling that they did not waste their time . Nowadays, people live a busy life and shopping online is time consuming for them. The company also saves time since whenever a customer uses his/her credit card to purchase a product.E-marketing is seen as a promotional as well as informational tool. This new era of commerce is beneficial for marketing logi stics, a global presence, to establish and maintain a competitive edge, shorten components of supply chains, for cost savings and research advantage in india. Now companies like myntra, flipkart are providing cash on delivery to the customer which was not done before. This is a strategy which aims at payment only after the complete satisfaction of the customer. In this strategy the customer first receives the ordered product and he/she pays. This has been found quite successful in India. If any problem is found in the product ordered,then it gets replaced within a few days. Earlier the customers had to do advance payment which was not favourable in the interest of the customer as many complaints were reported in the goods which they ordered. So in this way the companies are trying to attract the customers towards themselves to increase their sales. Cash on delivery is done by Credit Cards, Debit Cards, Netbanking, ITZ Cash Cards, Cheques, Demand Drafts or cash. E COMMERCE IN INDIA The low cost of computers in india, a increase in the number of computer users,and a growing isp market are the main causes for the emergence of e copmmerce market in india.there has been a rise in number of companies taking up e commerce in india. The companies like ebay,myntra,flipkart,quikr,olx are some of the companies which have established their name in the indian e commerce market. All these sites are selling varieties of products,movies tickets,electronic gadgets,accessories,household items and much more. Now the stock exchange has also become online now. Delivery of goods to consumers by couriers at a faster rate,moreover the quality of product delivered is satisfactory.Many indian banks are also using internet banking facilities. Indias economic industry is on a growth curve and is undergoing a spurt in growth.The Online Travel Industry is one of the biggest segment in ecommerce in india and is booming due largely to the Internet-savvy urban population. The online travel industry inclused some private firms such as Makemytrip, Cleartrip and Yatra. The government has also started IRCTC, which is a successful Indian Railways initiative. The online classifieds segment is also increasing. It is broadly divided into three sectors; Jobs, Matrimonial and Real Estate. Mobile Commerce is also growing rapidly and proving to be a stable and secure supplement to eCommerce due to the record growth in mobile user base in India, in recent years[10]. The online classifieds segment is broadly divided into three sectors; Jobs, Matrimonial and Real Estate. Mobile Commerce is also growing rapidly and proving to be a stable and secure supplement to eCommerce due to the record growth in mobile user base in India, in recent years. A report by the Internet and Mobile Association of India has stated that Indiaa E-commerce market is growing at an average rate of 70 percent annually and has grown over 500 percent since 2007. E-Tailing and digital downloads are expected to grow at a faster rate, while online travel will continue to rule the major proportion of market share. According to the third edition of eBay India census 2010 conducted across 28 states and seven union territories, Gujarat has emerged as one of the top five online shopping markets in the country. Gujarat which was ranked 7th in 2009,is now ranked 4th in after Maharashtra, Delhi and Tamil Nadu. Technology related products dominate Indias domestic eCommerce, contributes 44% of totals eCommerce transactions according to the latest eBay Census.. Whereas, lifestyle product category dominates in the global trade contributes for 35% for online shopping. India is showing tremendous growth in the Ecommerce. Rival tradeindia.com has 700,000 registered buyers and it has the growth rate of 35% every year. The travel portal MakeMyTrip.com has attained Rs 1000 crores of turnovers which are around 20% of total e-commerce market in India. These facts also show that the e commerce market in india is also increasing per year. In 2012 the e commerce market size was about 50000 crores in india as compared to 1 billion in 2011.Apparently, more online users in India are willing to make purchases through the Internet. Overall e-commerce industry is poised to experience a high growth in the next couple of years. The e commerce industry has the following major sectors Travel- 51% E-Retailing-40% Cothiers-09% These are 3 major categories of e commerce market, travel being the largest among them. For online marketing the websites also play a vital role. The websites should be informative, entertaining and unique. the attention of the customer must be captured as soon as possible. They should be understandable and easy to search information needed. Moreover, it must continuously be up-to-date for most recent information about the company. Companies also use different types of strategy to know what are the wants and needs of customers. Some of them are : Product Strategy Brand recognition is made clear on the Internet but the number of purchase is not there yet. Sometimes the products are not available on the Web site and consumers hesitate before getting this particular product. To increase their confidentiality, recognized vendors should be mentioned on the Net. Authenticity is important for both sellers and products. Pricing Strategy In the long run, it will be better for the firms,if they can concentrate on offering products with the unique characteristics at the most suitable cost. Online shoppers differentiate the products/services by the benefits and quality . A low price strategy should rely on cost advantage and high volume to be able to compete. Distribution Strategy There is a necessity of a direct-to-customer process. The industry has to be the first providing unique services to always be ahead of competitors as fast as possible to make a mark in the mind of customers. Promotional Strategy This depends on the marketing research and consumer preferences. It deals as how to companies want to promote their product. FAQ questions should be provided on the websites along with the advertisements on various sites such as you tube which is most widely used by the people. CONCLUSION The Internet network is a marketing channel used by advertisers, marketers, and society to find the right combination of marketing mix to suit the customers needs. It is important for a company of this age to have access to the Internet to be more successful. Internet marketing targets consumers and Internet advertisements client marketers from companies. People always find themselves under stress of working long hours and they do not have enough time for social activities or even shopping. Thus E-commerce becomes an everyday thing and routine for them. E-mail is also famous for direct marketing in supporting E-commerce activities. Internet should be used with other media for a more effective marketing tool. Internet marketing will become even more important in the future. As more companies will have access to the Internet, they will start doing business over the Internet. Increase in the e commerces economy in india will be in another dimension where customer focus, responsible business practices and innovation are the determinants of success and not only customer relationship. Security will not be an issue anymore because software companies, banks and credit card institutions are working hand in hand to improve Internet security. Companies need to protect themselves in three areas: data integrity, confidentiality of data and authenticity by installing firewalls or routers. Customers will look for a business on the internet since there are unique opportunities for marketing a companys service, selling products and gathering information on the Net. This is the new era of innovation; where everyone will be interacting on the Web. Live video session will be available and a prospective customer may be able to talk to a customer representative directly over the internet in the future will be more beneficial in the interest of customers.

Crystals :: essays research papers

Melt Suspension Crystallization (MSC) is a technique, that can be used for large scale separation and ultrapurification of organic compounds. Because of the high selectivity of crystallization, the moderate operating conditions, and the relatively low latent heat of fusion, the energy consumption of these kind of processes is low. Furthermore, the use and regeneration of toxic or explosive solvents can be avoided. Thus, MSC can be regarded as an environmentally and economically promising technique for wide industrial application. In MSC crystals are grown from a melt, that contains impurities of up to 30 wt%. The purity of the product is often higher than 99.9 wt%. To obtain this purity an efficient solid-liquid separation is of major importance, because the crystals themselves are almost pure. To optimize the separation efficiency large crystals with a small size distribution have to be formed. The operation of crystallization is exacting. Large—capacity evaporators are not suited to the careful control and flexible manipulation required for a successful ‘strike’, or actual crystallization, of solid sugar crystals. For this purpose, the concentrated liquor is transferred from the evaporators to the ‘pan.’ The pan is essentially a simple vacuum evaporator in which the removal of water continues until the concentration is appropriate for crystallization. As this proceeds, juice continues to be drawn into the pan in order to maintain a supply of crystallizable sugar. The concentration of impurities increases in the syrup as sugar is withdrawn by crystallization, and the entire boiling mass stiffens as the viscosity increases and the quantity of crystals grows. These two factors determine the termination of the strike, since the deposition of sugar on the growing crystals is impeded more and more as the mother liquor becomes more impure and more viscous. The concentration of sucrose probably exceeds the saturation point by a considerable degree before crystallization begins. When this critical condition is reached, significantly large numbers of crystal nuclei of the supersaturated solute are formed suddenly and proceed to grow at their normal pace. Growth would cease as the syrup falls to saturation, were not fresh liquor continually introduced.

Effects of Industrial Age on Wildlife :: essays research papers

Effects of Industrial age on wildlife   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As humans continue to advance in technology and increase in population it seems to have possible negative effect on the echo system. I am looking at two specific species, The Ivory-billed woodpecker ( Campephilus principalis), believed to already be extinct until resent sightings, (James Owen for National Geographic News April 28, 2005) and Coyotes (Brian Handwerk for National Geographic News June 7, 2005) Animals are forced to adept to changes in there environments or the life cycle will no longer be able to exist. This possibly is a living example of Evolution in progress. What is the long term effect of the continued destruction of natural habitats? This is a good example of how organisms can evolve due to changes in their ecosystems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am talking about two different species of animals first being a bird and the second one the coyote. What I have found in my research on this is that an majestic bird, the Ivory-Billed woodpecker that inhabited the lowland forest of southeastern U.S. between 1880 and the 1940s was believed to have become extinct due to the logging which destroyed their habitat. For sixty plus years the Ivory-Billed woodpecker that was thought to be extinct was once again spotted in 2004. While the data has been authenticated on the sightings, more observations are in the planning. The U.S Fish and Wildlife Service is identifying funds for recovery efforts. This rediscovery has spearheaded efforts to save 550,000 acres of bayous in the Big Woods of Arkansas. The Nature Conservancy has conserved 18,000 acres in The Big Woods. Coyotes are another animal that is adapting to the rapid changes in their natural habitat. Coyotes which live in a wide verity of environments from desert, mountainous, open country and grasslands, seems that they are also become urbanites. These very smart animals are becoming habituated to are urban environment, changing there behavior to adapt to ours. In California and New York State Coyote’s are becoming more aggressive. This subsidized environment is artificially high in food for these adaptable animals. At Cornell University wildlife biologist Paul Curtis and his team are starting a five years study of coyote ecology and behavior.

Aluminium is the third most common element on Earth after oxygen and silicon

Aluminium is the third most common element on Earth after oxygen and silicon. The aluminium industry had a Gross Domestic Product of $3.1 billion in1997/98, ranking the aluminium industry amongst Australia's leading manufacturers and employs over 16000 people directly. The total value of export earnings was about $6.3 billion in 1998/99, second only to coal as an export industry for Australia. These facts underline the fact that the aluminium industry is a major asset to Australia and is world competitive. Aluminium is important to us currently and is used from everything from soft drink cans to car bodies to window frames. Aluminium is lightweight, strong, long-lasting, highly corrosion resistant as a protective oxide coating is naturally generated, is an excellent heat and electricity conductor, has good reflective properties, is very ductile, completely impermeable and odourless and totally recyclable. Despite this, less than 200 tonnes in 1885 were produced compared to approximately 22 million tonnes in 1998 – plus some 5 million tonnes of recycled Aluminium. This is because aluminium is so highly oxidized that it can be only refined using huge amounts of electricity and electricity did not become readily available until this century. Thus, it is known as the metal of the 20th century. There are three process involved in the manufacture of Aluminium: Bauxite mining, alumina refinery and aluminium smelting. Raw Materials – Cryolite (Na3AlF6). Sodium Aluminium Fluoride. This reduces the temperature needed to electrolyse the aluminium reducing the cost. It was originally obtained from mines in Greenland, but the supply has depleted and it is now produced synthetically. – Aluminium fluoride (AlF3), calcium fluoride (CaF2) and Lithium Fluoride (LiF) which play the part of reducing the melting point of the mixture. – Alumina (Al2O3). This is obtained from bauxite, a red rock-like material, which also contains a lot of unwanted substances. Bauxite is mined in Western Australia, Queensland and Northern Territory. Bauxite mining leaves a lot of barren areas which will be investigated later. Bauxite and alumina are stored in storage bunkers. To produce aluminium metal, bauxite has to be concentrated, thus removing most impurities. Bauxite is crushed and washed to remove some of the clay and sand then dried in kilns. This is because crushed bauxite is easier to transport. The ore is loaded onto trucks, railway cars, or conveyor belts and transported to ships or refinery. The concentration of bauxite into alumina is called the Bayer process as shown below. Note that the red mud from the refinery must be carefully disposed of and this will be explore in Environmental factors. The Chemical Process To refine aluminium from alumina which contains both aluminium and oxygen, electrolysis is used, in a process known as the Hall-Heroult process. Alumina has to be liquefied (it is mixed with cryolite to reduce melting temperatures) and each cell is supplied with four to six volts and 150,000 amps of electricity. The sequence of creation is: All pots are covered so that exhaust gases are drawn into a large fume duct (will be explored later). As this involves consumable anodes, the pots cannot be sealed and every time a pot is opened, a small quantity of volatile gases escapes. For the safety and comfort of workers, the potroom needs to be well ventilated and the workers need breathing protection equipment. So much electricity is needed in this process that many smelters are located near hydro-electric plants or have their own power stations such as Alcoa which mines brown coal to generate electricity that meets 50% of its energy requirements. Approximately 16 kWh of energy is needed to produce one kg of molten metal in the Hall-Heroult Process compared to a theoretical energy of 6.34 kWh per kg of molten metal. Two main causes of this are the reoxidation of aluminium metal by carbon dioxide and high temperature, as well as side reactions wasting energy. Computers are now being used to monitor each pot continuously and set a best voltage for any particular condition reducing energy consumption. Covering the top of the anodes with an insulator to prevent them burning off and improved quality of carbon anodes reduces energy loss. Australia's comparatively has a low consumption of power for each kilogram of aluminium produced. Research is currently being done to find an alternative extraction process and the two main ways are through carbon reduction and electrolysis of aluminium chloride. The Product Aluminium, Al a Group III element is the product that results. Its properties and uses were discussed above. Other than the pure substance, alloys are also made containing copper, magnesium, manganese, chromium, silicon, nickel, iron and zinc. Quality control issues include the issue that normal refining processes do not remove all the impurities from aluminium, so most commonly used industrial aluminium already has small amounts of impurities alloyed with it. Fortunately, this makes aluminium stronger but remains easy to bend. Some alloys are less suitable for extrusion than others, requiring higher pressures, allowing only low extrusion speeds and/or having less than acceptable surface finish and section complexity. Aluminium sheets which are rolled from ingots are not flat when produced from the rolling mills. To flatten it, they are stretched between heavy-duty hydraulically-operated grips. A Micro Alignment Telescope with sweep optical square is used to check the flatness within specified tolerance to ensure the quality. One random sample for each batch of the aluminium and its alloy ingots undergo an optical spectrometry analysis to ensure that the results lie within the limits determined by Australian specification. The by-products and waste products of this product are carbon dioxide and fluoride gases as well as sulphur and nitrogen oxides. Carbon dioxide gas is a greenhouse gas and large amounts of fluorides are toxic. Sulphur and nitrogen oxides are acid rain gases. Therefore these need to be controlled and this will be investigated below in Environmental Factors. The aluminium and its alloy ingots or its processed equivalents are packed and distributed through shipping. Approximately 78% of all aluminium produced in Victoria is exported. Location Australia has six aluminium smelters located in Tasmania (one), Victoria (two), New South Wales (two) and Queensland (one). However Bauxite mines are in Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia. This is because the energy costs are too high to set up a plant near the mines but in Tasmania, Victoria and New South Wales electricity is cheap. As lots of electricity is used in the electrolysis, it is cheaper to transport the bauxite to the smelters than to set up a smelter near the mines and pay higher costs for electricity. Other factors that are taken into account include the labour force available (generally higher near cities), transportation of the aluminium produced (so the smelter has to be near ports, railway stations or highways), geographic factors (smelters are built in residential areas where the land is cheap) and legal factors (whether the sounds and the activities such as the fumes released and the transportation of aluminium using trucks would affect nearby residential properties who could sue). Environmental By recycling aluminium, approximately 95% of the energy (approximately 2 billion kWh of electricity) otherwise required to produce the primary metal aluminium can be saved. This makes the aluminium cheaper to manufacture as well as reduce the rapid depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels to produce electricity. When land is mined for Bauxite, active reforestation must be carried out to ensure the stability of the environment as well as ensuring that the soil left over doesn't erode and cause mud slides. Extreme care must be taken with the handling and disposal of red mud from the refineries. This is usually pumped into dams which are sealed with impervious material to prevent pollution of surrounding countryside. The manufacture of aluminium produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, fluoride gas, a toxic gas and other exhaust gases (such as the sulphur and nitrate oxides) that can potentially be harmful. To combat their pollution, all pots are covered and the fumes are drawn into a fume duct where the gases pass through beds of alumina which adsorbs over 99%of the fluoride. All cryolite needs to be manufactured synthetically and suitable fluorides are expensive and so they need to be recovered. The gases then pass through dust filter bags and a dry scrubber and treatment facilities to remove the greenhouse and other gases and only clean air is released. Although manufacture of aluminium uses a lot of energy and other options to mine aluminium are being investigated (as shown above), the use of aluminium itself has saved a large amount of energy because they are strong and light. It is estimated that 1,230 litres of petrol was saved in cars that used 64 kg of aluminium instead of other metals and this saved more than five times the energy required to produce each kilogram of aluminium used in the car.

1993 Apush Essay

APUSH Essay Even though the Chesapeake Bay Colonies and New England Colonies would share ethnic roots they would differ greatly in their development. With New England’s society centered on religion and Chesapeake Bay’s around profit both came to the new world with their own intentions. Other aspects in which these societies differed was in economy and social structure. However regardless of differences and similarities both colonies would find their own way to thrive. When it comes to religion, the colony of New England was influenced to a much greater degree than Chesapeake Bay.Their whole reason for being there was because of religion. The main religious group in New England was the Puritans. The strict aspects of the Puritan way of life made the colony a very stable place to live. In comparison to the Chesapeake Bay Colonies where religion did not play a very big part there was not much political stability. The sect of Christianity practiced by the Chesapeake colonis ts was the Anglican Church. The Anglican Church was not nearly as strict or influencing on life as the Puritans’ practice.Without a strict set of rules in place from religion the only time the Chesapeake Bay colonies would enjoy stability in its early days would be under the military like rule from James Cook. The reason why religion usually would bring stability would be from the moral code embedded inside the teachings of the bible. From this people were able to humble themselves resulting in a stable society. Stability would eventually come to the Chesapeake Bay once it would become a royal colony.In addition to this tobacco would also become a major staple product for the Chesapeake Bay. Overall religion would be a bigger player in the development of New England as a colony. Economy was very different in both respective colonies. Economy in New England would be very simple. Mainly family units would each have their own farm in which they would become self sufficient on. O n top of this there would also be small local and international trade among New Englanders. Early on in the Chesapeake Bay colony was not very expansive.With a little bit of local trading with Indians the Chesapeake Bay colony would not have a big export until James Rolfe would bring tobacco to the colony. Tobacco would have a great impact on colony life. With the Crop being a very profitable export the plant would soon dominate the economy there. Soon however as exports increased the price would decrease the market would deflate. The tobacco market would breathe life into the Chesapeake Bay and also increase the amount of slaves needed to support the demand. Economy in both colonies although different would both manage to flourish in their own way.Social structure was also very distinct in both colonies. For instance Jamestown of Chesapeake Bay‘s population consisted mainly males upon its founding. Throughout its life men were discouraged to arrive in family units because of its harsh conditions. Also a hostile attitude towards Indian populations also stopped population in the colony to be self replenishing. Also altering its early development was the attitude of work from early settlers. Original settlers were of higher class and had distaste towards manual labor.Settlers would eventually grow past its original misgivings on manual labor and find economic stability from tobacco. In order to feed the labor needed to keep up with the tobacco industry indentured servants and then eventually African Slaves would find its place as a social class. Politically, the House of Burgesses was a form of self representative government in the colony of Virginia. Social Structure in New England was a bit more commonplace. Arriving in family units was much less discouraged and many small towns would pop up.With very local government life in New England was very structured. Family decisions were made by the father due to the patriarchal social structure. The big differe nces in social structure were very evident in American Colonial society. Overall despite their roots the Chesapeake Bay colony and New England were completely distinct societies complete with their own economies, religions and economy. Living life in both colonies offered a different culture unique to its area. In the end both would attribute to the diversity in life found on the east coast of colonial America

James Baldwin

Language is a very controversial topic. The way many people hear language and judge others based upon it differs from place to place. Personally, I completely agree with James Baldwin. In his defense, language is what the general population uses to stereotype, it leaves us identifying each another, and language also can cause social exclusion. First off, language is widely used to stereotype others. One can judge others based on their accent, choice of words, or grammar. For instance, during James Baldwin’s time a Man with a sophisticated British accent was seen as an educated man with a decent income. Language also allows people to stereotype people based on where they come from. For example, people with bad grammar and used words such as â€Å"ain’t† or â€Å"y’all† typically are from the southern area of the United States. Next, people identify others personality based on word choice and grammar. George Bush, one of our very own U. S. residents, had a southern accent, and had he not been president, people would have most likely negatively identified him. They would assume he is a dumb, ignorant southerner because of his views. However, sharing his views as the president allowed him to be respected with the views either way, while some people disagreed with him, many saw him as a leader which would be very different had he been your average joe. Last but not least, language can lead to social exclusion. Because of poor language on someone’s part, others can exclude them. People can be excluded because of bad language that makes them sound dumb, or even language that makes them sound too smart like a know-it-all. Similarities in language create cliques among people and it is very easy to be shunned out of these cliques if one is noticeably different. To recapitulate, language is the cause of many stereotypes and differences in society. Language can be used to stereotype, or it can be used to identify others. Also, it can lead to social exclusion because of differences in language. All in all, language is a huge contributing factor to society

Future stage Essay

Choose the stage that has been the biggest challenge for you, thus far. Explain what you have learned about a â€Å"future stage.† How will this information benefit you as you reach that stage? Choose at least three specific goals you have set for yourself as you continue through your lifespan and how you will achieve those goals. How has this course helped you determine those goals? I would have to say Stage 6 universal ethical principle orientation adopt an internal moral code base on universal values that takes precedence over social rules and laws. I have learned that even if you need something don’t steal it. Stealing is the most worst thing you could ever think of. This has reach me not to steal even though I don’t but I will never steal. My three goals is to have money to get what I want not to steal, earn things, and reach to get what and the things I would like to have in life. Choose the stage that has been the biggest challenge for you, thus far. Explain what you have learned about a â€Å"future stage.† How will this information benefit you as you reach that stage? Choose at least three specific goals you have set for yourself as you continue through your lifespan and how you will achieve those goals. How has this course helped you determine those goals? I would have to say Stage 6 universal ethical principle orientation adopt an internal moral code base on universal values that takes precedence over social rules and laws. I have learned that even if you need something don’t steal it. Stealing is the most worst thing you could ever think of. This has reach me not to steal even though I don’t but I will never steal. My three goals is to have money to get w Choose the stage that has been the biggest challenge for you, thus far. Explain what you have learned about a â€Å"future stage.† How will this information benefit you as you reach that stage? Choose at least three specific goals you have set for yourself as you continue through your lifespan and how you will achieve those goals. How has this course helped you determine those goals? I would have to say Stage 6 universal ethical principle orientation adopt an internal moral code base on universal values that takes precedence over social rules and laws. I have learned that even if you need something don’t steal it. Stealing is the most worst thing you could ever think of. This has reach me not to steal even though I don’t but I will never steal. My three goals is to have money to get what I want not to steal, earn things, and reach to get what and the things I would like to have in life. hat I want  not to steal, earn things, and reach to get what and the things I would like to have in life.

Reflection 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflection 3 - Essay Example There should be that feeling of respect for the old. Most of the older people in the community do not have specific needs which can be outlined but it appears that they are less likely to receive such care because of their age in the society. Many people including practicing nurses tend to ignore them when offering health and social care in the society just because of their inherent age. Nonetheless, my intention as a practicing nurse in this aspect of health and social care is to take care for the old people in the community who need a lot of care at their ages. They need to be encouraged, given mental counseling, advising them on how to undergo treatments, administering to them medicines among other ways ((Bayer, Tadd, & Krajcik 2005, p. 22) The advances to help the old people in the community have been made initially by other people, but as far as this model is concerned, a lot of reflection, further action and improvement is required. This work will help encourage nurses to develop and grow a positive attitude towards the old people in the society as well as help them embrace positive aspects of respect and help them to understand that old people are very important members of the society who can control their own lives. This will encourage nurses to value the old people, and to take care of them as well as promoting opportunities for well-being and psychological developments rather than promoting helplessness and deterioration (Williams & Irurita 2005. p 501). This idea of health and social care for the old people presents a challenge for us as nurses to change from a medical perspective and to focus more on health promotions as well as preventing ill health among the old people. This ensures that majority of these older people enjoy healthy and fulfilling lives just like the other members of the community and that they can make a positive contribution to the community (Bayer, Tadd, & Krajcik

The Influence on Identity of Changez in the Novel The Reluctant Essay

The Influence on Identity of Changez in the Novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist - Essay Example However, it worked to his advantage in the co-operative world of Manhattan-based Underwood Company. Because he was always top of his class, Jim the person that employs him shortly takes keen notice of him. The notice is mainly because of two things which include the fact that they shared the same education background at Princeton and same economic background that was coupled with financial hardships (Hamid, 34). The discussion that is advanced in this paper looks at the indecisive nature of the protagonist and how this aspect has been affected by other characters in the novel especially Jim and Juan. It opines that despite the fact that Changez has a high level of education, much of his actions are deviated by the characters in the novel. It is therefore difficult to identify his own standing in the main issues that the writer tries to project through him. In this perspective, the author tries to show that the influence of many factors put together like environment add to the persona lity of an individual and direct the position taken. The input of education is important in one’s life. The protagonist goes through a high level of education but several instances indicate that the person is motivated by his previous environment. Ailing from a poor background, Changez is forced to live in a society of the elite in order to receive an education. He has to cook his own meals just to sustain his livelihood while receiving the education. The identity that is being built here is resilience. He has to survive in a totally new environment despite the fact that his previous environment does not fit this lifestyle. Poverty forces him to come up with techniques to survive and in this case, he has to make do with the little he has. We are also informed of the cases in the novel that he is footing much of his educational bills by aids.